Motion-picture projector



July 4, 1967 H. RUBE MOTION-PICTURE PROJECTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 2, 1965 FIG. I

INVENTOR HELMUT RUBE Y B M13140! //r, e/'

his ATTORNEY United States Patent ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector. Comprises a reversible motor driving a power train, a first one-way clutch which receives motion from the power train to drive one of the reel spindles during forward operation and while the motor rotates in a first direction, a second one-way clutch which receives motion from the power train through the intermediary of a slip clutch to drive the other reel spindle during operation in reverse and while the motor rotates in a second direction, and a further clutch which can be operated by hand to receive motion directly from the power train and to drive the other reel spindle at a high speed during rewinding of film.

The present invention relates to motion-picture projectors in general, and more particularly to improvements in motion-picture projectors of the type which may be set for forward, reverse or rewind operation and wherein such operations are carried out by means of a reversible motor. Still more particularly, the invention relates to an improved drive for the supply and take-up spindles of such projectors.

It is an important object of the present invention to provide a motion-picture projector with a very simple, compact and reliable drive whose parts may receive motion from a single motor and which can carry out the forward, reverse or rewind operation in response to actuation of simple and conveniently located actuating members.

Another object of the invention is to provide a projector of the just outlined characteristics wherein the drive is automatically set for forward operation if the motor is arrested upon completion of the rewind operation.

A further object of the invention is to construct and to assemble the actuating means for setting the drive for rewind operation in such a way that an inexperienced operator is unlikely to set the drive for rewind operation at an inopportune time.

An additional object of the instant invention is to provide a drive of the above outlined characteristics wherein all of the cooperating parts are assembled in a small area so that the drive is free of relatively long and complicated motion transmitting devices which are customary in many presently known motion-picture projectors.

A concomitant object of the invention is to provide a novel direct driving connection from the power train of a drive for effecting forward, reverse or rewind operation in a motion-picture projector to such part or parts of the drive which must be rotated when the projector is operated in reverse or for rewinding of film onto the supply reel.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel system of clutches which may be utilized in a drive of the above outlined characteristics.

A further object of my invention is to provide a novel power train which connects the reversible motor of the improved drive with the clutches to selectively drive the supply spindle or the take-up spindle.

Briefly stated, one feature of my present invention resides in the provision of a drive for effecting forward, re-

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verse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector. The drive comprises a first and a second rotary driver member respectively arranged to rotate the take-up reel and the supply reel of the projector, a reversible motor, a power train perferably including a set of gears which are driven by the motor irrespective of in which direction the motor rotates, a first one-way clutch driven by the power train in response to rotation of the motor in a first direction and operatively connected with (and preferably coaxial with) the first driver member to effect the forward operation by driving the take-up reel in a sense to withdraw the film from the supply reel, a slip clutch which is driven by the power train, a second one-way clutch which is driven by the slip clutch in response to rotation of the motor in a second direction and is operatively connected with the second driver member to effect the reverse operation by rotating the supply reel, with some slippage, in a sense to draw the film from the takeup reel, and a normally idle positive-engagement clutch which is operable at the will of the operator to provide a direct driving connection between the power train and the second driver member in response to rotation of the motor in the second direction and to thereby eflect the rewind operation by driving the supply reel at a high speed, i.e., without slippage, and in a sense to withdraw the film from the take-up reel. The positive-engagement clutch is constructed and mounted in such a way that it can provide a driving connection which bypasses the second one-way clutch and the slip clutch.

In accordance with an important feature of my inven tion, the second driver member is coaxial not only with the second one-way clutch but also with the slip clutch and with the positive engagement clutch, and such clutches are preferably mounted directly on the second driver member.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The improved projector itself, however, both as to its construction and the mode of operating the same, together with additional features and advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of a specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic side elevational view of a projector embodying a drive mechanism which is constructed and assembled in accordance with my invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged section substantially as seen in the direction of arrows from the line IIII of FIG. 1 and illustrates three clutches two of which are operative when the projector is set for reverse operation and the third of which is a positive-engagement clutch and is operative when the projector is set for rewind operation;

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a portion of the structure shown in FIG. 2 and illustrates the positiveengagement clutch in operative position so that the projector is set for rewind operation;

FIG. 4 is a transverse section as seen in the direction of arrows from the line IVIV of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section as seen in the direction of arrows from the line V-V of FIG. 1 and illustrates some of the structure shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and a further clutch which is operative when the projector is set for forward operation.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a motionpicture projector which comprises a housing 1 supporting an objective 2 and an actuating device here shown as comprising three pushbuttons 3. One of these pushbuttons is actuated by the user when the apparatus is to be set for forward operation and the other two pushbuttons are actuated to respectively set the projector for reverse and rewind operations.

The upper portion of the housing 1 supports two pivotable reel arms 4 and 5. The free end of the arm 5 carries a rotary supply spindle 9 for a supply spool or reel 7, and the free end of the arm 4 carries a rotary take-up spindle 8 for a take-up spool or reel 6. The path for the film is indicated by broken lines. When the projector is set for forward operation, the film 10 is paid out by the supply reel 7 and is taken up by the reel 6. During such forward operation, the take-up spindle 8 is driven in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 1, and the supply spindle 9 is subjected to the action of a slight braking force but is otherwise free to rotate in response to unwinding of the film 10 from the supply reel 7. When the projector is operated in reverse or for rewinding of film on the reel 7, the supply spindle 9 is driven so that the film is collected on the core of the reel 7.

FIG. 5 illustrates the drive which rotates the spindle 8 or 9. The lower end portions of the reel arms 4, 5 respectively carry hollow cylindrical studs 11, 12 which are rotatable in bearing sleeves 13, 14 extending inwardly from a side wall 15 of the housing 1. Pairs of lock nuts 16, 17 are respectively screwed onto the inner end portions of the studs 11, 12 to prevent the reel arms 4, 5 from moving toward and away from the outer side of the wall 15. These studs respectively serve as bearings for a pair of driver shafts 18, 19 which are rotatably mounted therein and whose outer end portions carry pulleys 22, 23. The reel arm 4 is hollow so that the pulley 22 is accommodated in its interior, together with an endless V-belt 24 which is trained around the pulley 22 and around a further pulley 22a (see FIG. 1) fixed to the take-up spindle 8. A split ring is inserted into a circumferential groove of the driver shaft 18 to hold this shaft against axial movement, and FIG. 5 shows that the ring 20 bears against a washer 11a which abuts against the inner end face of the stud 11. The recess or chamber 4a in the reel arm 4 is normally closed by a detachable cover or lid 26.

The outer end portion of the driver shaft 19 is connected with the pulley 23 which is accommodated in a recess or chamber 5a of the reel arm 5. This pulley 23 drives a pulley 23a (see FIG. 1) on the supply spindle 9 through the intermediary of an endless V-belt 25. The belt 25 and the pulleys 23, 23a are accommodated in the recess 5a, and the outer side of this recess may be closed by a detachable cover or lid 27 which prevents entry of dust or other foreign matter.

The driver shaft 19 is provided with a circumferential groove which accommodates a split ring 21 bearing against a washer 12a adjacent to the inner end face of the stud 12. Thus, the driver shaft 19 is also held against axial movement.

The driver shaft 18 carries a gear 28 which is rotatably mounted thereon and is accommodated in the interior of the housing 1. This gear 28 forms part of a power train and has two sets of teeth one of which meshes with an intermediate gear 28a driven by a reversible electric motor M shown in FIG. 1. The other set of teeth on the gear 28 meshes with the internal teeth of an endless belt 29 which also meshes with a rotary element here shown as a specially constructed gear 30 on the driver shaft 19. The hub 28b of the gear 28 extends inwardly from the side wall 15 and its free end carries a set of claw-shaped clutch elements 31 which form part of a first one-way clutch D1. This clutch further comprises a motion transmitting member 33 which is non-rotatably but axially movably secured to the inner end portion of the driver shaft 18 and is provided with claw-shaped clutch elements 32 engaging with the clutch elements 31 on the hub 28b when the gear 28 is driven in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 5. When the gear 28 is driven in a clockwise direction, its clutch elements 31 ride over the suitably curved rear faces of the clutch elements 32 so that the driver shaft 18 cannot share such rotation of the gear 28. The motion transmitting member 33 is movable axially under and against the bias of a prestressed helical clutch spring 34 which is held in prestressed condition by a split ring 34a, which is inserted into a circumferential groove of the driver shaft 18. It will be seen that the one-way clutch D1 rotates the driver shaft 18 for the takeup spindle 8 in response to counterclockwise rotation of the gear 28 but that this clutch is ineffective when the gear 28 rotates in the opposite direction. It is clear that the clutch D1 may be replaced by other types of oneway clutches as long as such clutches are capable of rotating the driver shaft 18 and the take-up spindle 8 in a sense to draw the film 10 off the supply reel 7 when the projector of my invention is set for forward operation. When the gear 28 rotates in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 5, the driver shaft 18 is idle or is free to rotate in a clockwise direction whereby the clutch D1 acts not unlike a brake and will tend to hold the driver shaft 18 and take-up spindle 8 against such counter-clockwise rotation with a force whose magnitude depends on the bias of the spring 34.

The drive of the improved projector also comprises a second one-way clutch D2 which is effective when the projector operates in reverse. This second one-way clutch D2 comprises a sleeve 35 which is rotatably mounted on the driver shaft 19 and is a functional equivalent of the hub 28b of the gear 28. The sleeve 35 is provided with claw-shaped clutch elements 37 which engage with similar clutch elements 38 provided on a motion transmitting member 36 which is axially movably but non-rotatably mounted on the driver shaft 19. The clutch D2 is effective when the sleeve 35 is driven by the gear 30 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 5. A clutch spring 39 is convoluted around the driver shaft 19 and tends to bias the motion transmitting member 36 in a direction toward the sleeve 35. The innermost convolution of this spring bears against a washer 58 which is mounted on the driver shaft 19. It will be seen that the clutch elements 38 of the motion transmitting member 36 will ride over the clutch elements 37 of the sleeve 35 (against the bias of the spring 39) when the sleeve 35 is driven in a counterclockwise direction whereby the driver shaft 19 cannot rotate the supply spindle 9 for the reel 7. However, when the projector is set for reverse operation, i.e., when the gear 30 is driven in a clockwise direction, the driver shaft 19 is rotated by the motion transmitting member 36 and drives the supply spindle 9. In order .to reduce noise, at least the inclined trailing faces of the clutch element 31 and/ or 32 and clutch element 37 and/ or 38 are preferably coated with layers of suitable sound-absorbent material of any known composition.

The gear 30 is actually a toothed pulley and is freely rotatably mounted on the clutch sleeve 35. The lower end portion of the gear 30, as viewed in FIG. 5, is biased by a helical expansion spring 40 which operates between a first ring-shaped retainer 41 and a second ring-shaped retalner 42. The retainer 41 bears against the gear 30 but is free to move in the axial direction of the sleeve 35, and the retainer 42 is shaped as a nut and meshes with an externally threaded portion of the sleeve 35. The retainer 42 may be rotated to adjust the bias of the spring 40.

The outer end portion of the gear 30 constitutes an annular flange 43 which bears against a friction-generatmg annular pad 44 recessed into an annular flange 45 at the outer end of the sleeve 35. The parts 40-45 together form a friction clutch or slip clutch D3 which serves to couple the gear 30 with the clutch sleeve 35. It will be seen that the extent of slippage between the annular flanges 43 and 45 may be varied by changing the bias of the spring 40 in response to rotation of the retainer 42.

FIG. 5 shows that the diameter of the gear 28 exceeds the diameter of the gear 30 so that the parts 28-30 actually constitute a step-up transmission which forms part of the aforementioned power train and will cause the driver shaft 19 to rotate at a speed exceeding the speed of the gear 28 when the latter is driven in a clockwise direction and when there is no slippage between the flange 43 and pad 44. Such rapid rotation of the driver shaft 19 will take place during rewinding of film from the takeup reel 6 back onto the supply reel 7. However, when the projector is operated in reverse, the driver shaft 19 must rotate at a lower speed, i.e., it should rotate at a speed which is less than that of the gear 30. This is made possible by the provision of the slip clutch D3 which allows the gear 30 to rotate with reference to the clutch sleeve 35 so that the driver shaft 19 need not rotate at the same speed as the gear 30.

A fourth clutch D4, shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, is installed to provide a slip-free direct driving connection between the gear 30 and the driver shaft 19 when the projector is operated to rapidly rewind the film 10 onto the supply reel 7. The clutch D4 is of the positive-engagement type and comprises a bell-shaped motion transmitting or coupling member 46 which is non-rotatably but axially movably mounted on the inner end portion of the driver shaft 19, and more particularly on a smaller-diameter extension 19a of the shaft 19 (see particularly FIG. 2). The driving connection between the coupling member 46 and the driver shaft 19 comprises a key 1% shown in FIG. 2. That side of the coupling member 46 which faces the gear 30 is open and carries two claw-shaped clutch elements 47 which may be moved into and out of engagement with complementary claw-shaped clutch elements 48 provided on a flange 30a of the gear 30, see particularly FIGS. 3 and 4. When the coupling member 46 is moved axially toward the gear 30 so that its clutch elements 47 engage the clutch elements 48 on the flange 30a, the gear 30 is directly coupled with the driver shaft 19 and the latter rotates at the same speed to rapidly drive the supply spindle 9 during rewinding of the film 10 onto the supply reel 7.

This means for shifting the coupling member 46 in the axial direction of the extension 19a, comprises a manually operable clutching or shifting member 49, best shown in FIG. 2, which resembles a pusher and has a bent-over fork-shaped inner end portion 50 whose prongs extend into an annular groove 51 provided in the base of a frustoconical hub 46a forming part of the coupling member 46. The remainder of the clutching member 49 is reciprocably guided in a slot 52 of the housing 1 and its outer end portion is provided with a depression 53 which facilitates manual shifting of the clutching member between the end positions shown in FIGS. 2 and 5. The arrangement is such that the clutching member 49 must be pulled in the direction indicated by an arrow 49b (i.e., outwardly with reference to the housing 1) in order to shift the coupling member 46 axially and into direct engagement with the gear 30. This is of advantage because an operator is much less likely to inadvertently couple the members 30, 46 if the clutching member 49 must be pulled, rathe than pushed to its operative end position.

The leading faces 54 of the clutch elements 47 on the coupling member 46 are substantially parallel with the axis of the driver shaft 19 and such' leading faces come into actual engagement with the adjoining faces of clutch elements 48 on the gear 30 when the clutching member 49 is withdrawn to its operative position shown in FIG. 2. At least one of these leading faces 54 is provided with a locking projection or nose 55 which will hook the coupling member 46 to the clutch elements 48 when the clutching member 49 is fully withdrawn, see FIG. 2. Thus, the clutch D4 is then retained in operative position until the operator decides to arrest the motor M.

Each clutch element 47 on the coupling member 46 is further provided with an inclined trailing face 56. When the motor M is arrested following completion of a rewind operation, the gear 30 is arrested practically instantaneously but the inertia of the supp-1y reel 7 causes the driver shaft 19 and the coupling element 46 to rotate in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 5, or in the direction of the arrow 61 in FIG. 3, whereby the trailing faces 56 of the clutch elements 47 slide along the adjoining faces of the complementary clutch elements 48 and automatically disengage the coupling member 46 from the gear 30. Thus, the operator need not shift the clutching member 49 back to the end position of FIG. 5 because such shifting of the clutching member takes place in a fully automatic way as soon as the motor M is arrested following completion of a rewind operation. An axially fixed stop nut 59 at the free end of the extension 19a of the driver shaft 19 determines that end position of the coupling member 46 in which the clutch D4 is inoperative.

The drive of my invention operates as follows:

In forward operation, the motor M drives the gear 28 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 5. The clutch elements 31 on the hub 28b engage the clutch elements 32 on the motion transmitting member 33 and the latter rotates the driver shaft 18 to rotate the take-up spindle 8 and the reel 6 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 1, so that the film 10 travels from the supply reel 7, along its film path, and is taken up by the reel 6. At the same time, the gear 30 also rotates in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 5, and drives the clutch sleeve 35 through the intermediary of the friction clutch D3. However, since the sleeve 35 rotates in a counterclockwise direction, its clutch elements 37 merely ride over the clutch elements 38 of the motion transmitting member 36 and the latter cannot rotate the driver shaft 19 and supply spindle 9. The positive-engagement clutch D4 is also inoperative because the clutching member 49 remains in the end position of FIG. 5. The friction which offers some slight resistance to rotation of the supply spindle 9 in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 1) is generated by the clutch spring 39 which biases the clutch elements 38 against the clutch elements 37.

In order to start the reverse operation, the operator simply depresses that pushbutton 3 which starts the motor M in reverse. The motor M then drives the gear 28 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 5, so that the first one-way clutch D1 is ineffective but the second oneway clutch D2 causes the clutch sleeve 35 to rotate the driver shaft 19 because the clutch elements 37 rotate in a clockwise direction. The slip clutch D3 transmits motion with some slippage so that the speed of the gear 30 exceeds the rotational speed of the clutch sleeve 35.

During rewinding, the motor M rotates in a sense to drive the gears 28 and 30 in a clockwise direction. If the clutching member 49 is withdrawn to the end position shown in FIG. 2, the clutch elements 47 on the coupling member 46 engage with and are locked to the clutch elements 48, i.e., the positive-engagement clutch D4 is operative and establishes a direct driving connection between the gear 30 and driver shaft 19 so that the supply spindle 9 is driven at a high speed and the film 10 is rapidly rewound onto the supply spool 7. The clutches'Dl, D2 and D3 are ineffective. The rewinding operation is completed when the operator stops the motor M. The clutch elements 47 are then automatically disengaged from the clutch elements 48, and the projector is ready for the forward operation.

It will be seen that the power train of the drive includes the parts 28a, 28, 29 and 30, and that the gears 28 and 30 are rotated irrespective of the direction in which the motor M rotates. The power train rotates the driver shaft 18 through the clutch D1 when the motor M rotates in a first direction, and the power train rotates the driver shaft 19 through the intermediary of the clutches D2 and D3 or through the intermediary of the positive-engagement clutch D4 when the mot-or M rotates in a second direction. Since the clutches D2, D3 and D4 are coaxial with the driver shaft 19, the improved drive can be assembled to form a very compact unit. Also, such mounting of the clutches D2, D3 and D4 renders it possible to establish direct driving connection between the gear 30 and the driver shaft 19 (via clutch D4) in a very simple manner, i.e., merely by moving the coupling member 46 in the axial direction of the driver shaft 19.

7 Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features which fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of my contribution to the art and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element coaxial with said driver member; slip clutch means driven by said power train and operatively connected with said driver member to effect said reverse operation in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined direction by rotating said driver member at a speed which is less than the speed of said rotary element; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said power train and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction to effect said rewind operation.

2. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element coaxial with said driver member; slip clutch means driven by said rotary element in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined direction and operatively connected with said driver member to effect said reverse operation by rotating said driver member at a speed which is less than the speed of said rotary element; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said rotary element and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction to effect said rewind operation during which said driver member rotates at the exact speed of said rotary element.

3. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means; slip clutch means driven by said power train in response to rotation of said motor means; one-way clutch means driven by said slip clutch means and operatively connected with said driver member to effect said reverse operation in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined direction; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said power train and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction to effect said rewind operation.

4. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element coaxial with said driver member; slip clutch means driven by said rotary element in response to rotation of said motor means; one-way clutch means driven by said slip clutch means and operatively connected with said driver member to effect said reverse operation in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined direction; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said rotary element and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction to effect said rewind operation.

5. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means; slip clutch means driven by said power train in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined direction; one-way clutch means driven by said slip clutch means and operatively connected with said driver member to effect said reverse operation; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said power train and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction to effect said rewind operation, each of said clutch means being coaxially mounted on said driver member.

6. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element coaxial with and rotatably mounted on said driver member; slip clutch means comprising a sleeve rotatably mounted on said driver member and means for biasing a portion of said sleeve into frictional engagement with a portion of said rotary element so that the sleeve is normally rotated by but can slip with reference to said rotary element; one-way clutch means comprising a first clutch element rigid with said sleeve, a second clutch element mounted for rotation with said driver member, and means for biasing said first clutch element into engagement with said second clutch element, said clutch elements being arranged to rotate said driver member in response to rotation of said sleeve when said motor means rotates in a predetermined direction to effect said reverse operation; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said rotary element and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction to effect said rewind operation.

7. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element coaxial with and rotatably mounted on said driver member, said rotary element having an annular portion; slip clutch means comprising a sleeve rotatably mounted on said driver member and comprising an annular portion adjacent to the annular portion of said rotary element, and first resilient means for biasing said annular portions into frictional engagement with each other so that said sleeve normally rotates with but is free to slip with reference to said rotary element; one-way clutch means comprising a first clutch element provided on said sleeve, a motion transmitting member axially movably mounted on and rotatable with said driver member, a second clutch element provided on said motion transmitting member, and second resilient means for biasing said clutch elements into engagement with each other, said clutch elements being constructed and arranged to rotate said driver member in response to rotation of said sleeve when said motor means rotates in a predetermined direction to effect said reverse operation; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said rotary element and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction to effect said rewind operation.

8. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element coaxial with and rotatably mounted on said driver member; slip clutch means comprising a sleeve rotatably mounted on said driver member and means for biasing a portion of said sleeve into frictional engagement with a portion of said rotary element so that the sleeve is normally rotated by but can slip with reference to said rotary element; one-way clutch means comprising a first clutch element rigid with said sleeve, a second clutch element mounted for rotation with said driver member, and means for biasing said first clutch element into engagement with said second clutch element, said clutch elements being arranged to rotate said driver member in response to rotation of said sleeve when said motor means rotates in a first direction to effect said reverse operation and each of said clutch elements having an inclined trailing face, said trailing faces abutting against and sliding with reference to each other against the action of said biasing means when said motor means rotates in a second direction; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said rotary element and said driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said first direction to effect said rewind operation.

9. A structure as set forth in claim 8, wherein at least such portions of said clutch elements which define said inclined trailing faces consist of sound-absorbent material.

10. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; .a power train driven by said motor means and including a gear rotatably and axially movably'mounted on said driver member, said gear having an annular portion at one end thereof; slip clutch means comprising a sleeve rotatably extending into said gear and rotatable on said driver member, said sleeve having an annular portion adjacent to the annular portion of said gear, a pad of friction generating material interposed between said annular portions, and resilient means for biasing the annular portion of said gear against the annular portion of said sleeve; one-way clutch means driven by said sleeve in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined direction and drivingly connected with said driver member to effect said reverse operation through the intermediary of said slip clutch means; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a direct driving connection between said power train and said driver member to effect said rewind operation.

11. A structure as set forth in claim 10, wherein said resilient means comprises a helical spring one end portion of which bears against said gear and the other end portion of which bears against retainer means mounted on said driver member.

12. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a gear rotatably and axially movably mounted on said driver member, said gear having an annular portion at one end thereof; slip clutch means comprising a sleeve rotatably extending into said gear and rotatable on said driver member, said sleeve having an annular portion adjacent to the annular portion of said gear, a pad of friction generating material interposed between said annular portions, resilient means for biasing the annular portion of said gear against the annular portion of said sleeve, and means for regulating the bias of said resilient means; one-way clutch means driven by said sleeve in response to rotation of said motor means in predetermined direction and drivingly connected with said driver member to elfect said reverse operation through the intermediary of said slip clutch means; and normally idle positive-engagement clutch means operable to provide a 10 direct driving connection between said power train and said driver member to effect said rewind operation.

13. A structure as set forth in claim 12, wherein said resilient means comprises a helical spring one end of which bears against said gear and wherein said regulating means comprises a retainer having internal threads meshlng with an externally threaded portion of said driver member and abutting the other end of said spring.

14. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and re- (IHd OPGISIIOHS in a motion-picture projector, in comb1nat1 on, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element rotatably mounted on said driver member; means mcluding a slip clutch driven by said power train and operatively connected with said driver member to rotate the same in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined direction and to thereby effect said reverse operation by rotating said driver member at a speed which is less than the speed of said rotary element; and pos1tive-engagement clutch means for effecting said rewlnd operation during which said driver member rotates at the speed of said rotary element in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction, said clutch means comprising a first clutch element provided on said rotary element, a coupling member rotatable with said driver member, and a second clutch element provided on said coupling member, said coupling member being movable axially on said driver member between a first position and a second position 1n which said clutch elements respectively engage with and are disengaged from each other, said clutch elements being arranged to transmit rotation from said rotary element to said driver member only when said motor means rotates in said predetermined direction and when said coupling member is moved to said first position.

15. In a drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, in combination, a rotary driver member; a supply spindle driven by said driver member; reversible motor means; a power tram driven by said motor means and including a rotary element rotatably mounted on said driver member; means including a slip clutch driven by sa d power train and operatively connected with said driver member to rotate the same in response to rotation of said motor means in a predetermined directum and to thereby effect said reverse operation by rotating said driver member at a speed which is less than the speed of said rotary element; and positive-engagement clutch means for eifecting said rewind operat1on during which said driver member rotates at the speed of said rotary element in response to rotation of said motor means in said predetermined direction, said clutch means comprising a first clutch element provided on said rotary element, a coupling member rotatable with said driver member, a second clutch element provided on said coupling member, said coupling member being movable axially on said driver member between a first position and a second position in which said clutch elements respectively engage with and are disengaged from each other, and clutching means for moving said coupling member to said first position at the will of the operator, said clutch elements being arranged to transmit rotation from said rotary element to said driver member only when said motor means rotates in said predetermined direction and when said coupling member is moved to said first position.

16. A structure as set forth in claim 15, wherein said clutching means comprises a shifting member which is reciprocable in parallelism with said driver member and wherein said coupling member is moved to said first position in response to a pull upon said clutching member.

17. A structure as set forth in claim 14, wherein said clutch means further comprises means for locking said coupling member in said first position.

18. A structure as set forth in claim 17, wherein each of said clutch elements comprises a leading face extending substantially axially of said driver member and a trailing face which is inclined with reference to the respective leading face, said locking means comprising a projection provided on the leading face of one of said clutch elements and engaging the other clutch element in response to movement of said coupling member to said first position, said trailing faces abutting against each other to disengage said projection from the other clutch element when the motor means is arrested and said coupling member continues to rotate by inertia whereby said trailing faces automatically returns the coupling member to said second position in which the clutch elements are disengaged from each other.

19. A drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, comprising a first and a second rotary driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means and including a rotary element coaxial with said second driver member; first one-way clutch means driven by said power train in response to rotation of said motor means in a first direction and operatively connected with said first driver member to effect said forward operation; slip clutch means driven by said power train; second oneway clutch means driven by said slip clutch means in response to rotation of said motor means in a second direction and operatively connected with said second driver member to effect said reverse operation by rotating said second driver member at a speed which is less than the speed of said rotary element; and normally idle fourth clutch means, said fourth clutch means being operable to provide a direct driving connection between said power train and said second driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said second direction to effect said rewind operation.

20. A drive for effecting forward, reverse and rewind operations in a motion-picture projector, comprising a first and a second rotary driver member; reversible motor means; a power train driven by said motor means; first one-way clutch means driven by said power train in response to rotation of said motor means in a first direction and operatively connected with said first driver member to effect said forward operation; slip clutch means driven by said power train and coaxial with said second driver member; second one-way clutch means coaxial with second driver member and driven by said slip clutch means in response to rotation of said motor means in a second direction, said second clutch means being operatively connected with said second driver member to effect said reverse operation; and normally idle fourth clutch means coaxial with said second one-way clutch means, said fourth clutch means being operable to provide a direct driving connection between said power train and said second driver member in response to rotation of said motor means in said second direction to effect said rewind operation, said slip clutch means, said second oneway clutch means and said fourth clutch means being mounted on said second driver member.

21. A drive as set forth in claim 20, wherein said first one-way clutch means is coaxially mounted on said first driver member, said power train comprising a pair of gears each of which is rotatably mounted on one of said driver members and a toothed belt trained around said gears.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,718,361 9/1955 Evraets 242- LEONARD D. CHRISTIAN, Primary Examiner. 

1. IN A DRIVE FOR EFFECTING FORWARD, REVERSE AND REWIND OPERATIONS IN A MOTION-PICTURE PROJECTOR, IN COMBINATION, A ROTARY DRIVER MEMBER; A SUPPLY SPINDLE DRIVEN BY SAID DRIVER MEMBER; REVERSIBLE MOTOR MEANS; A POWER TRAIN DRIVEN BY SAID MOTOR MEANS AND INCLUDING A ROTARY ELEMENT COAXIAL WITH SAID DRIVER MEMBER; SLIP CLUTCH MEANS DRIVEN BY SAID POWER TRAIN AND OPERATIVELY CONNECTED WITH SAID DRIVER MEMBER TO EFFECT SAID REVERSE OPERATION IN RESPONSE TO ROTATION OF SAID MOTOR MEANS IN A PREDETERMINED DIRECTION BY ROTATING SAID DRIVER MEMBER AT A SPEED WHICH IS LESS THAN THE SPEED OF SAID ROTARY ELEMENT; AND NORMALLY IDLE POSITIVE-ENGAGEMENT CLUTCH MEANS OPERABLE 